Health and Cash and Voucher Assistance
Introduction to health in the humanitarian sector
Humanitarian crisis have a profound impact on the health and well-being of affected populations. The direct consequences of these crisis can lead to severe injuries and even death. Indirect consequences, resulting from poor living conditions, destruction of sources of livelihoods and health systems put these populations at risk of developing diseases. In light of these conditions, access to timely and appropriate care is crucial, particularly in the initial phase of crisis. The aim of health interventions within the humanitarian sector is “to reduce avoidable mortality, morbidity and disability, and restore the delivery of, and equitable access to, preventive and curative health care as quickly as possible and in as sustainable a manner as possible”. External support to mitigate the effects of a humanitarian crisis should as much as possible use and reinforce existing systems unless these systems are highly inefficient, become abused for political reasons or are unable to react to the excess health needs.
In the context of emergencies or crisis, health care systems should be supported and resorted. Many countries affected by humanitarian crises however have poorly developed health systems, which are then exacerbated by the crisis, with poor quality of care, interrupted supply lines and weak accessibility.
How is CVA used in the Health Sector?
Cash and voucher assistance (CVA) had been used to improve access and utilization of health services in humanitarian settings by reducing financial barriers to access to health services, as well as reducing direct and indirect financial barriers. When health services are available with adequate capacity and quality but user fees are applied, the preferred response option is through provider payment mechanisms, with CVA to be considered complementary to such supply side health financing strategies, and not aim to replace these.
In March 2018, the Global Health Cluster published a working paper for considering cash transfers for health in humanitarian settings. The paper discusses the potential added value and limitations of CVA to achieve health outcomes. It discusses the different types of cash transfer modalities complementary to health financing options, and alongside other response interventions to support access to quality services.
Possible interventions could include vouchers for reimbursement of costs of consultations, diagnostic tests and/or medicines, value voucher or cash for specific health services, drugs or associated indirect costs, or unconditional/unrestricted cash to compensate for funds lost on health care costs.
Key Resources
Improving Health Through Cash and Voucher Assistance: Video Tutorial Series
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The right to health for all people means that everyone should have access to the health services they need, when and where they need them, without suffering financial hardship.
Episode 7: How can we use cash and voucher assistance to support universal health goals?
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In episode 7, we discuss how health needs, and the provision of health services, in humanitarian response works and where using Cash and Voucher Assistance (CVA) may help. What we know already...
CVA for Health Outcomes: From evidence to practice in MENA
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Wednesday, 2 June 2021, 15:00 AMM | 13:00 UK
A ‘Stocktake’ of CVA for Health Outcomes in the MENA Region Moving from Evidence to Practice
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CVA for Health Outcomes: Learnings from Jordan, Burkina Faso and Bangladesh
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CVA and health: Case studies from Jordan, Burkina Faso and Bangladesh
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The Global Health Cluster, the CALP Network, CARE, IRC and KIT organized a webinar on CVA for health outcomes. The aim of the webinar was to enhance participants’ learning of the use of CVA to...
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The ‘Delivery Mechanism Mapping for Cash Based Interventions (CBI) in Cox’s Bazaar, Bangladesh’ was conducted in December 2017 by a ‘Cash Champion’ deployed from Catholic Relief Services...
Cash Transfers and Older People’s Access to Healthcare: A Multi-Country Study in Ethiopia, Mozambique, Tanzania and Zimbabwe
Report
This report presents the findings of the Social Protection and Access to Health Services for Older People in Ethiopia, Mozambique, Tanzania and Zimbabwe study into the relationship between cash...
Myth-busting? Confronting Six Common Perceptions about Unconditional Cash Transfers as a Poverty Reduction Strategy in Africa
Report
This paper summarizes evidence on six perceptions associated with cash transfer programming, using eight rigorous evaluations conducted on large-scale government unconditional cash transfers in...
Promoting positive parenting practices in Niger through a cash transfer programme
Report
In 2011, the Government of Niger set up a national social safety net
programme – the ‘Projet Filets Sociaux’. It includes unconditional cash transfers as well as behavioural change measures...
How to Make ‘Cash Plus’ Work: Linking Cash Transfers to Services and Sectors
Report
The broad-ranging benefits of cash transfers are now widely recognized. However, the evidence base highlights that they often fall short in achieving longer-term and second-order impacts related...
The Potential of Food Assistance for Assets (FFA) to Empower Women and Improve Women’s Nutrition: a five country study
Report
From June 2016 to April 2017, a five-country study to explore the potential of WFP’s Food Assistance for Assets (FFA) programmes to empower women and improve women’s nutrition was conducted by...
The Livelihood Impacts of Cash Transfers in Sub-Saharan Africa: Beneficiary Perspectives from Six Countries
Report
Cash transfers (CTs) are a social protection mechanism to reduce the poorest households’ vulnerability to shocks and build human
capital by smoothing consumption and sustaining expenditure on...
Shock-Responsive Social Protection Systems Research Case study—Post-Haiyan Cash Transfers in the Philippines
Report
This case study report focuses specifically on the experiences of using emergency cash transfers following Typhoon Haiyan and considers the wider social protection system, developments since...
Cash transfers for refugees. The economic and social effects of a programme in Jordan
Report
The world is now experiencing the biggest refugee crisis since the second world war, with around 21.35 million refugees reported in 2015 (UNHCR, 2016a). Those countries with the highest outflow...
The use of CTP in Kenya: Reflecting on the 2016/17 Drought Response
Report
This workshop report is packed with useful ideas and information, reflecting the lively discussions which took place at a workshop in June 2017 about the use of CTP in the Kenya drought response. ...
Cash Transfers for Refugees – An Opportunity to Bridge the Gap Between Humanitarian Assistance and Social protection
Report
The world is now experiencing the biggest refugee crisis since the second world war. Many of the countries with the highest outflow of refugees are facing ongoing conflicts that are unlikely to...
Feasibility of Multi-purpose Cash Transfers in N’Guigmi
Report
This assessment was conducted by World Vision’s Emergency Program in the Lake Chad Basin. The objective was to: 1) Do a comprehensive needs assessment of the affected populations in the area, 2)...
Multisectoral Basic Needs and Market Assessment Moyo Uganda
Report
A multisectoral basic needs and market assessment done in Palorinya settlement and the host communities within Moyo district. Focuses are on basic needs and cash feasibility, the education system...
Profiling of caseload in need of cash-based interventions Results
Report
At the request of the Inter Sector Working Group in Gaziantep, the Case Management Task Force and the Protection Working Group, the Cash-Based Interventions Technical Working Group (CBI TWG)...
The Financial Journey of Refugees Full Report
Report
This document details how refugees and migrants from the Middle East, South and Central Asia and East, West and North Africa finance their journeys and manage money along the way.
The Impact of Cash Transfers on Women and Girls
Report
This briefing summarises the findings on the impacts of cash transfers on women and girls. These are drawn from a rigorous review of the evidence looking at the impacts of cash transfers across...
Fitting aid to context: community experiences of aid delivery in northern Syria
Report
The ongoing conflict in Syria has left 13.5 million Syrians in need of humanitarian assistance. Several local and international organisations provide aid to northern Syria, but their chosen...
Research agenda-setting on cash programming for health and nutrition in humanitarian settings
Report
While the evidence base for cash transfer programming (CTP) in humanitarian contexts is more established for food security, it is very limited for health. The aim of this study was to develop a...
E-Transfers for Hygiene through Red Rose in Northern Syria
Report
Cash is receiving a lot of attention globally and is currently being scaled-up at the highest level. On the 9th February 2016, the UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon launched his report for the...
Innovative Electronic Cash Transfer Programme for Emergencies. An Oxfam Visa case study in Philippines
Report
On November 8, 2013, super Typhoon Haiyan (local name Yolanda) struck the Philippines, killing more than 6,000 people, and displacing an estimated 4.4 million individuals. Through its cash...
Cash Transfers: What Does the Evidence Say? A Rigorous Review of Programme Impact and of the Role of Design and Implementation Features
Report
Cash transfers have been increasingly adopted by countries worldwide as central elements of their social protection and poverty reduction strategies. A growing number of studies provide rigorous...
MEB and SMEB Revision: Community Consultation
Report
The Lebanon Cash Consortium (LCC) is comprised of six INGOs that provide severely socio-economically vulnerable refugees with $175 worth of Multipurpose Cash Assistance (MCA) per month. The LCC...
Understanding the Impact of Cash Transfers: The Evidence
Policy paper
This policy brief summarises the findings of a rigorous review of the evidence on the impacts of cash transfers on individuals and households, covering literature spanning 15 years (2000–2015)...
End-line report on the impact of Cash Based Transfer in Tharparkar, Umerkot and Sanghar
Report
The Food for Assets through Cashed Based Transfers was implemented in three drought affected districts of Sindh namely Tharparkar, Umerkot and Sanghar during the period from July 2015 to January...
Cash-based approaches in humanitarian emergencies A systematic review. April 2016
Report
Humanitarian actors have a responsibility to ensure that assistance is provided in a way that minimizes risks and maximizes benefits to people affected by crisis. However, there are many...
The Politics of Cash: A Case Study on Humanitarian Cash Transfers in Ukraine
Report
This case study examines the evolution of cash transfers in the humanitarian response in Ukraine. The use of cash transfers in Ukraine brought out the best and worst aspects of the international...
Cash-based Response Feasibility Assessment in Northern Syria
Report
As the conflict in Syria extends beyond the fourth year, there is need for a widespread humanitarian response focused on urban areas that addresses humanitarian needs and promotes resilience for...
Post Distribution Monitoring Report: Cash Based Interventions in Lebanon (Jan-March 2016)
Report
This post-monitoring report relies on several quantitative and qualitative approaches to evaluate the process, performance and impact of the cash based interventions (CBI) undertaken between...
UNHCR Cash Assistance: Improving refugees lives and supporting local economies
Report
UNHCR’s Cash-Based Interventions (CBI) support the most vulnerable Syrian refugees living within the host community in Jordan. Thanks to generous donor support last year, over 30,000 households...
Uganda’s Senior Citizens’ Grant: A success story from the heart of Africa
Report
Since 2011, a pilot universal old age pension – known as the Senior Citizens’ Grant (SCG) – has been implemented in Uganda. By 2016, there were 125,000 beneficiaries. A number of studies...
The Other Side of the Coin. The comparative evidence of Cash and in kind transfers in humanitarian situations
Report
This paper reviews the existing evidence on the performance of alternative transfer modalities across humanitarian sectors, including cash transfers, vouchers,and in-kind assistance (food and...
Appropriateness and impact of cash grants distribution in Eastern Ukraine
Report
This programmignn note assesses the appropriateness and impact of cash grants distribution in Eastern Ukraine. Key findings: Distribution of cash grants of US$250–‐US$900 via bank transfer...
Cash/Food. A Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of food assistance modalities in refugee settlements
Report
A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of food and cash assistance modalities for household food security in refugee settlements
The Mam’out Project: Seasonal Multiannual Cash Transfers for the Prevention of Acute Malnutrition in Tapoa
Report
In response to alarming rates of acute malnutrition, Action Against Hunger (ACF) initiated a project to strengthen and evaluate the prevention of acute malnutrition of children younger than 36...
Impact Evaluation of the Multipurpose Cash Assistance Programme
Report
The Syrian crisis is currently in its sixth year, with over one million Syrians still living in Lebanon as refugees. Nearly 60% of all financial resources pledged by UN agencies and INGOs were to...
Scale Right: Coordinating Improved Cash Assistance in Greece
Report
Europe is still reeling from the largest refugee crisis it has experienced since World War II. During the first half of 2015 Greece saw an average of 3,000 refugees arriving daily by sea onto the...
IOM Cash-Based Transfer – Update and Case Studies
Report
Cash-based transfers have a long history in the support of people on the move. Cash or vouchers have been an element of the International Organization for Migration’s resettlement support for...
A Review of UNICEF’s Role in Cash Transfers to Emergency Affected Populations
Report
This paper is part of an ongoing process exploring UNICEF’s engagement with cash-based responses in emergencies. The main aim of the paper is to stimulate discussion on the potential role of...
Using Innovation And New Technologies to Improve Cash Transfer Programming (CTP)
Report
Experience and studies show that providing cash transfers to disaster-affected families empowers them to meet their diverse needs, provides a stimulus to the recovery of the local economy and is a...
Cash, Care, Prevention and Adherence for Adolescents: Latest evidence from southern Africa
Presentation
This presentation looks at cash, care, prevention and adherence for adolescents using the National Longitudinal study of Adolescents in Southern Africa.
Unconditional Cash Transfers for Assistance in Humanitarian Disasters: Effect on use of health services and health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries
Report
Unconditional cash transfers (UCTs) for humanitarian assistance during disasters may improve health in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) by giving recipients additional income. This...
Kenya Drought Response Evaluation Report – Focus on Marsabit and Baringo Counties
Report
An evaluation of a drought response which involved school feeding, cash transfers and nutrition outreach activities.
A Review of Evidence of Humanitarian Cash Transfer Programming in Urban Areas
Report
Urban poor populations frequently experience disasters of varying typology and intensity. When set against a backdrop of poverty and marginalisation, their needs can be complex. As recent urban...
Cash Transfer Program in Northern Syria
Report
Humanitarian needs, both in Syria and neighbouring countries (Lebanon, Jordan, Turkey and Iraq), have rapidly increased since the beginning of the conflict. The Aleppo governorate, as one of the...
Debunking the Stereotype of the Lazy Welfare Recipient: Evidence from Cash Transfer Programs Worldwide
Report
Targeted transfer programs for poor citizens have become increasingly common in the developing world. Yet, a common concern among policy makers – both in developing as well as developed...
Liberia Ebola Response
Presentation
ICRCs EVD Cash response program had to be designed under a rare circumstance of insufficient baseline data on EVD impact on household level and limited opportunity to contact intended...
Cash Transfer Programming in the ASALs of Kenya
Case Study
The CALP Network commissioned a study to document the impact and lessons learned from its engagement with state actors in the ASAL counties. The study involved collection of data through...
Part 1.2 The Minimum Expenditure Basket
Report
The Minimum Expenditure Basket (MEB) is defined as what a household requires in order to meet basic needs – on a regular or seasonal basis – and its average cost. Determining the MEB serves...
Social Protection Programmes Contribute to HIV Prevention
Policy paper
Social protection programmes reduce poverty and vulnerability while strengthening a broad range of developmental impacts. This brief describes the pathways through which social protection –...
Impact of Multipurpose Cash Assistance on Outcomes for Children in Lebanon
Report
This report examines the impact of multipurpose cash assistance (MCA) on children, specifically looking at child outcomes and child protection outcomes, in Lebanon. The impact of the Lebanon Cash...
Strategies and Options for Scaling Up and Enhancing the Child Grant Nationally in Nepal
Policy paper
The objective of this study is to offer to the Government of Nepal (GoN) a set of reflections and options regarding the continuation, scale-up and enhancement of the Child Grant (CG), a cash...
Cash-based Interventions for Health programmes in Refugee Settings
Report
UNHCR aims to enable refugees to maximise their health status by supporting them to have equal access to quality primary, emergency and referral health services as nationals.The different settings...
Integrating Gender throughout a Project’s Life cycle 2.0: A Guidance Document for International Development Organisations and Practitioners
Guidelines and Tools
The overarching premise of this document is that to conduct effective, responsible development work, incorporating gender at all stages of a project’s life cycle – from project design and...
The Impacts of Malawi’s Social Cash Transfer Programme on Community Dynamics
Report
This short paper evaluates the impacts of Malawi’s Social Cash Transfer (SCT) programme on the household economy, the local economy and the social networks. The SCT programme was launched in...
Business Guide – Flash appeal for response to the Nepal earthquake
Policy paper
An overview of the main humanitarian issues facing Nepal following the 2015 Earthquake, as well as indicators as to how businesses can assist with disaster response.
A case for cash: crisis and disaster-affected populations’ perspective
Report
As the number, scale and duration of humanitarian crises increase, the provision of cash to affected people and communities presents a number of opportunities for more effective and efficient...
Annex B: Lebanon Case Study
Report
Cash and vouchers are increasingly provided as assistance to people affected by disaster and crisis. Studies and evaluations have firmly established that cash transfers can be an appropriate...
Social Protection System: An Afghan case study, analysing the potential of a child-focused social protection Cash Transfer Programme in Balkh
Report
UNICEF is considering the development of a social protection programme with a specific focus on children, within the already existing framework developed by the World Bank and MoLSAMD. With the...
Cross-Sector Cash Assistance for Syrian Refugees and Host Communities in Lebanon: An IRC Programme
Report
Since January 2013, the International Rescue Committee (IRC) has been implementing a project providing humanitarian assistance to the Syrian refugees in Lebanon. This project provided...
Social transfers in the fight against hunger – A resource for development practitioners
Report
A European Commission Reference Document aims to deepen the understanding of a concept, develop knowledge, provide orientations for aid implementation, and present good practices. This Reference...
Planning for government adoption of a social protection programme in an insecure environment: the Child Grant Development Programme in northern Nigeria
Report
Cash transfer programming (CTP) is increasingly used in West Africa in response to food and nutritional crisis. Beyond emergency situations, cash transfer mechanisms are key mechanisms...
CGP Impact Evaluation (UNICEF/FAO): Targeting and baseline evaluation report
Report
The Child Grants Programme (CGP) is an unconditional cash transfer targeted to poor and vulnerable households in Lesotho. The primary objective of the CGP is to improve the living standards of...
Sector Indicator Guidance for Programming
Guidelines and Tools
The country Programming Instructions that were sent to EU Delegations and HQ services in mid-May 2012 for the programming period 2014-2020, requested the EU Delegations and services to provide, in...
Payment Mechanisms and Anti-Poverty Programs: Evidence from a Mobile Money Cash Transfer Experiment in Niger
Report
Cash transfers have become an increasingly important component of social protection policies in both developed and developing countries. While such programs are often implemented electronically in...
Support to Lesotho HIV and AIDs Response: Empowerment of Orphans and Other Vulnerable Children
Report
Oxford Policy Management (OPM) has been contracted by UNICEF Lesotho to undertake the final evaluation of the Project “Support to Lesotho HIV and AIDS Response: Empowerment of Orphans and...
Research to Identify the Optimal Operational Set-up for Multi-Actor Provision of Unconditional Cash Grants to Syrian Refugees in Lebanon: Final report and recommendation
Report
This report contains the findings and recommendations from a 30 day research project commissioned by the cash working group (CWG) based in Lebanon, and more specifically the team tasked with the...
Policy Brief: Impacts of Unconditional Cash Transfers
Policy paper
This policy paper looks at a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of the unconditional cash transfer program implemented by the NGO GiveDirectly in Western Kenya between 2011 and 2012, in which...
Hidden Victims of the Syrian Crisis: Disabled, injured and older refugees
Report
The Syrian crisis has generated the largest refugee movement since the Rwandan genocide and is described as the defining refugee crisis of our era. According to the United Nations High...
Child Grants Programme Impact Evaluation Follow-up Report – Executive Summary
Case Study
The Lesotho Child Grants Programme (CGP) is an unconditional social cash transfer targeted to poor and vulnerable households. It provides every quarter a regular transfer of between M360 and M7501...
The Impact of Oxfam’s Cash Distributions on Syrian Refugee Households in Host Communities and Informal Settlements in Jordan
Report
Given the absence of viable alternatives to cash transfer programmes (CTPs) in Jordan, such programmes will certainly continue for the foreseeable future. It is crucial to review their impact to...
Information and communications technology response to the Liberia ebola crisis
Report
An information and communication technology assessment recently conducted in Liberia by NetHope and USAID addresses the potential for digital payments in the response to Ebola. The documents looks...
Cash Transfers and HIV Prevention
Report
This paper proposes some initial principles on how to optimize HIV impacts of cash transfers, by encouraging targeting that: focuses on communities with high rates of new HIV infections,...
Evaluating Local General Equilibrium Impacts of Lesotho’s Child Grants Programme
Report
This report presents findings from a local economy-wide impact evaluation (LEWIE) of Lesotho’s Child Grants Programme. Simulations indicate that total income impacts significantly exceed the...
Combating gender-based violence and enhancing economic empowerment of women in Northern Uganda through cash transfers
Report
The aim of this evaluation is to assess the relevance, sustainability, effectiveness and efficiency of the programme. Moreover, the evaluation will assess the impact of the programme on women and...
Leveling the Playing Field: How do we make social protection more transformative?
Policy paper
Today social protection has a central place in development agenda. It is no longer seen just as protection for the poor but also as a way to promote growth by transforming the poor into a...
Surveying Livelihoods Service Delivery and Governance: Baseline evidence from Nepal
Report
In 2012/13, SLRC implemented the first round of an original cross-country panel survey in Nepal designed to produce information on: people’s livelihoods (income-generating activities, asset...
Effects of the Palestinian National Cash Transfer Programme on Children and Adolescents
Report
Over the past two decades, social protection programmes have been implemented in many developing countries to reduce poverty and vulnerabilities in the face of context-specific challenges such as...
The Impact of the Harmonized Social Cash Transfer Programme (HSCT) in Zimbabwe on the Local Economy
Report
Local economy-wide impact evaluation (LEWIE) simulation methods are used to assess the likely impacts of cash transfers on the local economy. When the Harmonized Social Cash Transfer Programme...
Livestock Emergency Guidelines and Standards: Second Edition
Guidelines and Tools
Livestock Emergency Guidelines and Standards (LEGS) is a set of international guidelines and standards for designing, implementing, and evaluating livestock interventions to help people affected...
Women’s Empowerment and Nutrition
Report
Research on the relationship between women’s empowerment and nutrition, particularly child nutrition, is continually expanding. As part of the quest to achieve gender equality, women’s...
Cash Transfer Programme Participatory Consultation, Feasibility and Market Readiness Study: Burmese refugee camps, Thailand border
Report
This report is a participatory consultation, cash feasibility and market readiness study of the Burmese refugee camps on the Thailand border. It is a rapid, snap shot guide as to whether the...
Cash Transfer Programming Toolkit
Guidelines and Tools
The Cash Transfer Programming (CTP) Toolkit is a basic guide to cash transfer programming in emergency response and early recovery settings. The publication is based upon best practiced and...
Impact Evaluation of Cash and Food Transfers at Early Childhood Development Centers in Karamoja, Uganda
Report
This report is a revised draft of the Final Impact Report of an impact evaluation study of the World Food Programme (WFP) project to provide food and cash transfers to households with children...
E-Payments in Uganda with Limited Infrastructure
Report
The 2005 Uganda Chronic Poverty Report argued that households in chronic poverty show a range of deficits that include deficient consumption and malnutrition, limited access to health and...
Social Acceptability and Perceived Impact of a Community-Led Cash Transfer Programme in Zimbabwe
Report
Cash transfer programmes are increasingly recognised as promising and scalable interventions that can promote the health and development of children in poor resource and high HIV prevalence areas...
Evaluation of European Commission Integrated Approach of Food Security and Nutrition in Humanitarian Context
Report
The present evaluation was commissioned to assess DG ECHO’s operational capacity to fund integrated food security and nutrition operations in line with the Humanitarian Food Assistance...
Humanitarian Coalition East Africa Drought Appeal: Final Evaluation – Somalia
Case Study
In 2011, Somalia suffered from one of the worst droughts in 60 years which left more than 13 million people in need of food, water and emergency healthcare. Canadian donors contributed $14...
Humanitarian Coalition East Africa Drought Appeal: Final evaluation report – Cash programs
Report
In 2011, suffered from one of the worst droughts in 60 years which left more than 13 million people in need of food, water and emergency healthcare. Canadian donors contributed $14 million to...
Humanitarian Coalition East Africa Drought Appeal: Final evaluation report
Report
In 2011, suffered from one of the worst droughts in 60 years which left more than 13 million people in need of food, water and emergency healthcare. Canadian donors contributed $14 million to...
Review of Cash-transfer Coordination in Haiti following the Earthquake of January 2010
Case Study
This study, commissioned by the CALP Network, aims to review and document the coordination of cash transfer programmes (CTP) implemented from the emergency phase in Haiti. It is part of a wider...
Haiti – Unconditional Cash Transfers: Lessons Learnt
Report
The challenges of responding to the catastrophic earthquake in Haiti were huge and varied, prompting agencies to think and act creatively. Christian Aid’s partners were at the forefront of the...
Emergency Food Security and Livelihoods (EFSL) 48-hour training materials to print
Guidelines and Tools
Developed by Oxfam and supporting ECB agencies, the EFSL training materials can be used to train participants to confidently apply the ‘48-hour assessment tool’ to assess the impact of a...
ACF Philippines: Cash Vouchers via Debit Cards
Report
This one-page poster provides an overview of ACF’s programme to provide cash vouchers via debit cards in Cotabato City and Sultan Kudarat, Autonomous Regions of Muslim Mindanao, Republic of the...
Humanitarian Emergency Response Review
Report
This independent review into how the UK (through DFID) responds to humanitarian emergencies, considers how the UK should best respond to overseas emergencies and the role the UK should play in the...
Korogocho Cash Transfer Initiative: Supporting ‘Transformative Social Protection’ in the Kenyan Urban Slums
Case Study
This case study looks at Concern Worldwide’s work with the Kenyan government to introduce the concept of transformative social protection (which acknowledges that vulnerability is not only...
Impacts of the Social Cash Transfer Pilot Programme (sctpp) on the local economy in Ethiopia
Report
The Social Cash Transfer Pilot Programme (SCTPP) was launched by the Tigray Bureau of Labour and Social Affairs (BOLSA) with support from the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) in the...
Delivering Cash Through Cards – A Quick Delivery Guide (booklet)
Guidelines and Tools
A Quick Delivery Guide to delivering money through cards (magnetic stripe or smart cards). Prepared as a practical tool, this guide provides a brief synthesis of the necessary preconditions and...
Public Health Agencies and Cash Transfer Programmes: Making the case for greater involvement
Policy paper
This report examines the case for greater involvement by public health agencies in cash transfer schemes, a form of welfare assistance. It seeks to identify opportunities, obstacles and actions...
Helpdesk Research Report: Cash Transfers in Fragile/Conflict-Affected Environments
Report
In-kind assistance has traditionally dominated social protection programming in fragile and conflict-affected contexts (Holmes, 2009). In recent years, however, there has been a rise in the...
DFID Cash Transfers Literature Review
Report
This paper provides a synthesis of current global evidence on the impact of cash transfers in developing countries, and of what works in different contexts, or for different development...
Richer but Resented: What do cash transfers do to social relations and does it matter?
Report
This paper looks at how social protection cash transfers are evaluated primarily in terms of poverty reduction or human capital, with their impact on social relations being under-examined. The...
IASC Evaluation of the Humanitarian Response in South Central Somalia 2005-2010
Case Study
This independent report presented by DARA confirms that humanitarian aid in Somalia has saved thousands of lives between the years 2005 to 2010. The report is based on an evaluation of the...
Helpdesk Research Report: Financing and Cost-effectiveness of Cash Transfer Schemes
Report
Query: What does the evidence base on the costing, financing and cost effectiveness of cash transfer schemes tell us? Cash transfers are a form of social assistance in which money or cash-like...
An Evaluation of Save the Children’s Cash Transfer Project in Aweil East County, Northern Bahr el Ghazal State, South Sudan
Report
Since April 2009, Save the Children have been implementing an ECHO-funded cash transfer project in Baac Payam, Aweil East County. The specific objective of this project has been to improve...
Cash-Based Safety Nets for Livelihood Support in Northeastern Somalia: A Feasibility Study for Save the Children UK and Horn Relief
Case Study
This study looks at the need for and feasibility of cash-based safety net programming within the operational areas of Save the Children UK and Horn Relief in Northeastern Somalia. The success of...
CCT Programmes and Women’s Empowerment in Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador
Report
Latin America’s efforts to alleviate poverty have resulted in reducing poverty in twelve countries, most strikingly in Mexico and Brazil. The adoption of Cash Transfer programmes in much of the...
ATM cash assistance: Does it work?
Report
This 2-page article describes UNHCR’s cash assistance to almost 5,000 vulnerable Iraqi refugee families in Jordan. It looks at the key questions asked in UNHCR about implementing cash-based...
Delivering Cash Through Cards – A Quick Delivery Guide (screen version)
Guidelines and Tools
A Quick Delivery Guide to delivering money through cards (magnetic stripe or smart cards). Prepared as a practical tool, this guide provides a brief synthesis of the necessary preconditions...
Minimum Economic Recovery Standards
Guidelines and Tools
The Minimum Economic Recovery Standards articulate the minimum level of technical and other assistance to be provided in promoting the recovery of economies and livelihoods affected by crisis.
Helpdesk Research Report: Political Economy of Cash Transfers
Report
Cash transfers are a form of social assistance in which money or cash-like instruments (e.g. vouchers) are distributed to vulnerable individuals or households. They can vary in targeting...
Cash Transfers in Post-conflict Contexts
Report
This ODI project briefing looks at the implementation for the design of cash programmes in post-conflict or fragile states, compared to those of peaceful and stable countries. It highlights...
Cash For Work: A Contribution to the International Debate based on Lessons Learnt in Northern Afghanistan
Case Study
The purpose of this study was to document learning from BMZ finance cash for work (CFW) projects implemented by GTZ in Afghanistan as a contribution to international debates about cash transfer...
Niger: Food Security and Safety Nets
Case Study
From the perspective of social protection, this study is designed to synthesize considerable existing analysis, review food and nutrition security policies and programs in Niger, and provide an...
Real-Time Evaluation Report for the CRS Pakistan Response in the Swat Valley
Report
CRS launched a response in September 2009 to support the return of at least 3,000 persons displaced from Swat Valley. CRS partnered with local organizations LASOONA and EPS to provide cash grants,...
Cash Transfers in Emergencies: The Case of Indonesia and Vietnam
Report
In October 2009, typhoon Ketsana brought heavy rains over Vietnam causing sudden and heavy flooding, which led to considerable loss of lives, shelters and livelihoods. Around the same time, an...
Cash Transfers for Disaster Risk Reduction in Niger: A Feasibility Study
Case Study
This HPG study report, commissioned by CARE, examines the appropriateness, cost-effectiveness and feasibility of cash transfer programming as part of a disaster risk reduction (DRR) strategy in...
The Use of Cash/Vouchers in Response to Vulnerability and Food Insecurity: Case study review and analysis
Report
This document summarizes the major characteristics and outcomes of 27 recent pilots, projects or programs worldwide that made use of cash and/or vouchers to provide benefits to people in need. The...
Impact of Microfinance Programs on Children: An annotated survey of indicators
Report
The purpose of this study is to ascertain what indicators have been used by multisectoral, child-focused non-governmental organizations (NGOs), microfinance practitioners and social performance...
Implementing Cash-Based Interventions: A Guideline for Aid Workers
Guidelines and Tools
This is a comprehensive guide to the theory and practice of cash-based interventions in the field, covering cash grants, vouchers, and labour-based interventions (cash for work). It also includes...
Independent Evaluation of Oxfam GB Malawi’s Emergency Cash – Transfer Programme
Case Study
Poor rainfall in Malawi in the 2004/2005 growing season resulted in significantly reduced cereal and non-cereal food production in the country, leaving up to 4 million people in need of...
Cash Transfers in Emergencies: A Review Drawing upon the Tsunami and Other Experience
Report
This 2006 document from the Social Policy and Economic Analysis office of UNICEF (East Asia and the Pacific Region) draws upon examples from the tsunami and other contexts to explore cash...
ODI/UNDP Cash Learning Project Workshop in Aceh, Indonesia
Case Study
This is a report from a workshop on sharing experiences and learning for cash-based interventions. The workshop was held in Aceh, Indonesia in July 2005. The workshop included case studies from...
Evaluation of OFDA Cash for Relief Intervention in Ethiopia: Final Report
Report
As a result of insufficient rainfall in 2002 and 2003, the Ethiopian Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Commission (DPPC) issued an international appeal for food assistance in December 2003....